[1] There were [a large number of students] in the auditorium. [2] The large number of students in the auditorium] was very surprising. The simple answer is that [1], with the determiner "a" takes a plural verb, while [2], which has the determiner "the", takes a singular verb. In more detail:

A large amount of glass is used in the EU institutions each year. A large amount of food is exported into the European market from such countries. As a consequence of these characteristics, a large amount of information is available on their physiology and pathology.
Deep learning does not require a large amount of data and computational resources. These assumptions are very harmful since they limit the amount of people utilizing deep learning, which I believe has the potential to improve the world. I exemplify that deep learning does not require “big data” by training a classifier to distinguish many people. # people , number. great number of people. great many people. lots of people. many persons. numerous people. considerable number of people. considerable number of persons. ¶ “In numerical expressions German uses a comma where English uses a decimal point: €19,95 (19.95 euros) In large numbers, German uses either a space or a decimal point to divide thousands: 8 540 000 or 8.540.000 = 8,540,000” – Item 3.D. at a German Punctuation page – A big data environment doesn't have to contain a large amount of data, but most do because of the nature of the data being collected and stored in them. Clickstreams, system logs and stream processing systems are among the sources that typically produce massive volumes of data on an ongoing basis. "huge volume of data" or "huge volumes of data" Should I use a singular form or a plural form? Search in Google results in 178,000 hits vs 256,000 hits.
A number that is very large (but not infinite) such as 1,000,000,000,000,000 could be called huge, enormous, large, big, gigantic, etc. A number that is very small such as 0.000000001 could be called little, small, infinitesimal, minuscule, etc. But what is a word that can describe a number that is large in the negative, such as
Similarly, when this noun is followed by a verb, the plural form of the verb should be used. For example, we say, "a number of apples in the bowl are green," not "a number of apples in the bowl is green." When it is used as a verb, number means "to be a certain number ." As when it is a noun, the verb "to number " must be followed by a
Find 16 different ways to say LARGE-AMOUNT, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.

A huge amount of data is being stored in the computer. This fetches the complete logging file from the server, & ie; a list of the events for all users and all modules. This can be a huge amount of data. In his view, for example, the rules on carrying liquids on planes were not effective, nor had the huge amount of data collected for security

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    • large amount or large number